My current research involves two themes: 1) analyses of data with "excess zeros" and 2)the design and analysis of group-randomized trials. The former includes data that have been left censored due to detection limits or naturally have a large proportion of recorded zeros. As for the latter, I am involved in several group-randomized trials; those involving vaccines are especially interesting, as they afford the opportunity to measure indirect effects of immunization. I am working on methods for the design, especially the randomization, of such trials, as well as methods of analysis of the resulting correlated data.

International Health,Biostatistics; Statistical Epidemiology; Longitudinal Data; Bioassay; Group-Randomized Trials; Vaccine Safety; Vaccine Effectiveness; Vitamin A; HIV/AIDS; Landmines

1987 Phi Beta Kappa

1987 Delta Omega, Alpha Chapter

Appeared in 2008:

1. O'Brien, K.L., David, A.B., Chandran, A., Moulton, L.H., Reid, R., Weatherholtz, R., Santosham, M. Randomized, Controlled Trial Efficacy of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Agains Otitis Media Among Navajo and White Mountain Apache Infants. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Vol. 27, 71-73, 2008.

2. Omer, S.B., Sutanto, A., Sarwo, H., Linehan, M., Djelantik, I.G., Mercer, D., Moniaga, V., Moulton, L.H., Widjaya, A., Muljati, P., Gessner, B.D., Steinhoff, M.C. Climatic, Temporal, and Geographic Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease in a Tropical Island Population. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 4, 1-9, 2008.

3. Hargrove, J.W., Humphrey, J.H., Mutasa, K., Parekh, B.S., McDougal, J.S., Ntozini, R., Chidawanyika, H., Moulton, L.H., Ward, B., Nathoo, K., Iliff, P.J., Kopp, E. Improved HIV-1 Incidence Estimates Using the BED Capture Enzyme Immunoassay. AIDS, Vol. 22, 511-518, 2008.

4. Kigozi, G., Gray, R.H., Wawer, M.J., Serwadda, D., Makumbi, F., Watya, S., Nalugoda, F., Kiwanuka, N., Moulton, L.H., Chen, M.Z., Sewankambo, N.K., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Bacon, M.C., Ridzon, R., Opendi, P., Sempijja, V., Settuba, A., Buwembo, D., Kiggundu, V., Anyokorit, M., Nkale, J., Kighoma, N., Charvat, B. The Safety of Adult Male Circumcision in HIV-infected and Uninfected Men in Rakai, Uganda. PLoS Medicine, Vol.5, 911-918, 2008.

5. Sismanidis, C., Moulton, L.H., Ayles, H., Fielding, K., Schaap, A., Beyers, N., Bond, G., Godfrey-Faussett, P., Hayes, R. Restricted Randomization of ZAMSTAR: a 2 x 2 Factorial Cluster Randomized Trial. Clinical Trials, Vol. 5, 316-327, 2008.

6. Saraceni, V., King, B.S., Cavalcante, S.C., Golub, J.E., Lauria, L.M., Moulton, L.H., Chaisson, R.E., Durovni, B. Tuberculosis as Primary Cause of Death Among AIDS Cases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Vol. 12, 769-772, 2008.

7. Six Week Extended-Dose Nevirapine (SWEN) Study Team, Bedri, A., Gudetta, B., Isehak, A., Kumbi, S., Lulseged, S., Mengistu, Y., Bhore, A.V., Bhosale, R., Varadhrajan, V., Gupte, N., Sastry, J., Suryavanshi, N., Tripathy, S., Mmiro, F., Mubiru, M., Onyango, C., Taylor, A., Musoke, P., Nakabiito, C., Abashawl, A., Adamu, R., Antelman, G., Bollinger, R.C., Bright, P., Chaudhary, M.A., Coberly, J., Guay, L., Fowler, M.G., Gupta, A., Hassen, E., Jackson, J.B., Moulton, L.H., Nayak, U., Omer, S.B., Propper, L., Ram, M., Rexroad, V., Ruff, A.J., Shankar, A., Zwerski, S. Extended-dose Nevirapine to 6 Weeks of Age for Infants to Prevent HIV Transmission via Breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an Analysis of Three Randomised Controlled Trials. Lancet, Vol. 26, 300-313, 2008.

8. Pacheco, A.G., Durovni, B., Cavalcante, S.C., Lauria, L.M., Moore, R.D., Moulton, L.H., Chaisson, R.E., Golub, J.E. AIDS-related Tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLoS ONE, Vol. 3, e3132, 2008.

9. Pacheco, A.G., Saraceni, V., Tuboi, S.H., Moulton, L.H., Chaisson, R.E., Cavalcante, S.C., Durovni, B., Faulhaber, J.C., Golub, J.E., King, B., Schechter, M., Harrison, L.H. Validation of a Hierarchical Deterministic Record-Linkage Algorithm Using Data From 2 Different Cohorts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons and Mortality Databases in Brazil. American Journal of Epidemiology, [Epub ahead of print] 2008.

10. Omer, S.B., Enger, K.S., Moulton, L.H., Halsey, N.A., Stokley, S., Salmon, D.A. Geographic Clustering of Nonmedical Exemptions to School Immunization Requirements and Associations With Geographic Clustering of Pertussis. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 168, 1326-1332, 2008.

11. Noazin, S., Modabber, F., Khamesipour, A., Smith, P.G., Moulton, L.H., Nasseri, K., Sharifi, I., Khalil, E.A., Bernal, I.D., Antunes, C.M., Kieny, M.P., Tanner, M. First Generation Leishmaniasis Vaccines: A Review of Field Efficacy Trials. Vaccine, Vol. 26, 6759-6767, 2008.

12. Golub, J.E., Durovni, B., King, B.S., Cavalacante, S.C., Pacheco, A.G., Moulton, L.H., Moore, R.D., Chaisson, R.E., Saraceni, V. Recurrent Tuberculosis in HIV-infected Patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AIDS, Vol. 30, 2527-2533, 2008.

13. Gray, R.H., Kigozi, G., Serwadda, D., Makumbi, F., Nalugoda, F., Watya, S., Moulton, L., Chen, M.Z., Sewankambo, N.K., Kiwanuka, N., Sempijja, V., Lutalo, T., Kagayii, J., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Ridzon, R., Bacon, M., Wawer, M.J. The effects of male circumcision on female partners' genital tract symptoms and vaginal infections in a randomized trial in Rakai, Uganda. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, [Epub ahead of print] 2008.

14. Iliff, P., Ntozini, R., Nathoo, K., Piwoz, E., Moulton, L., The ZVITAMBO Study Group, Humphrey, J. Making a Working Clinical Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants in Zimbabwe. Tropical Medicine and International Health, Vol. 13, 1459-1469, 2008.

Appeared in 2007:

15. Tavengwa, N.V., Piwoz, E.G., Iliff, P.J., Moulton, L.H., Zunguza, C.D., Nathoo, K.J., Hargrove, J.W.; the ZVITAMBO Study Group; Humphrey, J.H. Adoption of safer infant feeding and postpartum sexual practices and their relationship to maternal HIV status and risk of acquiring HIV in Zimbabwe. Tropical Medicine and International Health, Vol. 12, 97-106, 2007.

16. Santosham, M., Reid, R., Chandran, A., Millar, E.V., Watt, J.P., Weatherholtz, R., Donaldson, C., Croll, J., Moulton, L.H., Thompson, C.M., Siber, G.R., O'brien, K.L. Contributions of Native Americans to the Global Control of Infectious Diseases. Vaccine, Vol. 25, 2366-2374, 2007.

17. Humphrey, J.H., Nathoo, K.J., Hargrove, J.W., Iliff, P.J., Mutasa, K.E., Moulton, L.H., Chidawanyika, H., Malaba, L.C., Zijenah, L.S., Zvandasara, P., Ntozini, R., Zunguza, C.D., Ward, B.J.; the ZVITAMBO Study Group. HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence and associated risk factors among postnatal women in Harare, Zimbabwe. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 135, 933-942, 2007.

18. Lescano, A.G., Garcia, H.H., Gilman, R.H., Guezala, M.C., Tsang, V.C., Gavidia, C.M., Rodriguez, S., Moulton, L.H., Green, J.A., Gonzalez, A.E.; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru. Swine Cysticercosis Hotspots Surrounding Taenia solium Tapeworm Carriers. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 76, 376-383, 2007.

19. Ronald H Gray, R.H, Kigozi, G., Serwadda, D., Makumbi, F., Watya, S., Nalugoda, F., Kiwanuka, N., Moulton, L.H., Chaudhary, M.A., Chen, M.Z., Sewankambo, N.K.,Wabwire-Mangen, F., Bacon, M.C., Williams, C.F.M., Opendi, P., Reynolds, S.J., Laeyendecker, O., Quinn, T.C., Wawer, M.J. Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Men in Rakai, Uganda: a Randomised Trial. Lancet, Vol. 369, 657–666, 2007.

20. Moulton, L.H., Golub, J.E., Durovni, B., Cavalcante, S.C., Pacheco, A.G., Saraceni, V., King, B., Chaisson, R.E. Statistical Design of THRio: a Phased Implementation Clinic-randomized Study of a Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Intervention. Clinical Trials, Vol. 4, 190-199, 2007.

21. Marinda, E., Humphrey, J.H., Iliff, P.J., Mutasa, K., Nathoo, K.J., Piwoz, E.G., Moulton, L.H., Salama, P., Ward, B.J.; ZVITAMBO Study Group. Child Mortality According to Maternal and Infant HIV Status in Zimbabwe. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Vol. 26, 519-526, 2007.

22. Piwoz, E.G., Humphrey, J.H., Tavengwa, N., Iliff, P.J., Marinda, E.T., Zunguza, C.D., Nathoo, K.J., Mutasa, K., Moulton, L.H., Ward, B.J. The Impact of Safer Breastfeeding Practices on Postnatal HIV-1 Transmission in Zimbabwe. American Journal of Public Health., Vol. 97, 1249-1254, 2007.

23. O'Brien, K.L., Moisi, J., Moulton, L.H., Madore, D., Eick, A., Reid, R., Weatherholtz, R., Millar, E., Hu, D., Hackell, J., Kohberger, R., Siber, G., Santosham, M. Predictors of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunogenicity among Infants and Toddlers in an American Indian PnCRM7 Efficacy Trial. Journal of Infectious Disease, Vol. 196, 104-114, 2007.

24. Golub, J.E., Saraceni, V., Cavalcante, S.C., Pacheco, A.G., Moulton, L.H., King, B.S., Efron, A., Moore, R.D., Chaisson, R.E., Durovni, B. The Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Tuberculosis Incidence in HIV-infected Patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AIDS, Vol. 21, 1441-1448, 2007.

25. Baqui, A.H., El Arifeen, S., Saha, S.K., Persson, L., Zaman, K., Gessner, B.D., Moulton, L.H., Black, R.E., Santosham, M. Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccine on Prevention of Pneumonia and Meningitis in Bangladeshi Children: A Case-Control Study. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Vol. 26, 565-571, 2007.

26. Chan, G.J., Moulton, L.H., Becker, S., Muñoz, A., Black, R.E. Non-specific

Effects of Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis Vaccination on Child Mortality in Cebu,

The Philippines. International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 36, 1022-1029,

2007.

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